M\u00e1y t\u00ednh quy t\u1eafc 72<\/a><\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ee9c l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t n\u00e0o ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c<\/p>\nC\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\nS\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa APR v\u00e0 APY trong l\u00e3i k\u00e9p l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n
APR (T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m h\u00e0ng n\u0103m) l\u00e0 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng n\u0103m \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e3i k\u00e9p. APY (L\u1ee3i su\u1ea5t ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m h\u00e0ng n\u0103m) bao g\u1ed3m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t t\u00ednh l\u00e3i k\u00e9p v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u00e0ng n\u0103m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. APY lu\u00f4n b\u1eb1ng ho\u1eb7c cao h\u01a1n APR. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, APR 6% \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh l\u00e3i k\u00e9p h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng s\u1ebd t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi APY 6,17%. Lu\u00f4n so s\u00e1nh APY khi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n
L\u00e3i k\u00e9p kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi l\u00e3i \u0111\u01a1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\n
L\u00e3i su\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh tr\u00ean s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n g\u1ed1c ban \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed7i k\u1ef3 \u2014 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng. L\u00e3i su\u1ea5t k\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh tr\u00ean s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n g\u1ed1c c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng theo c\u1ea5p s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n. V\u1edbi kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 10.000 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9 v\u1edbi l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t 7% trong 20 n\u0103m: l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n mang l\u1ea1i 14.000 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9 ti\u1ec1n l\u00e3i, trong khi l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t k\u00e9p mang l\u1ea1i 28.697 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9 \u2014 g\u1ea7n g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i.<\/p>\n
C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh l\u00e3i k\u00e9p l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n
C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh l\u00e3i k\u00e9p ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n l\u00e0: A = P(1 + r\/n)^(nt). Trong \u0111\u00f3: A = s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, P = v\u1ed1n g\u1ed1c (s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n ban \u0111\u1ea7u), r = l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng n\u0103m d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n, n = s\u1ed1 k\u1ef3 gh\u00e9p l\u00e3i m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, v\u00e0 t = th\u1eddi gian t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng n\u0103m. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: 5.000 \u0111\u00f4 la v\u1edbi l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t 6% \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh l\u00e3i k\u00e9p h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng trong 10 n\u0103m = 5.000 \u0111\u00f4 la \u00d7 (1 + 0,06\/12)^(12\u00d710) = 9.096,98 \u0111\u00f4 la.<\/p>\n
L\u00e3i k\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh bao nhi\u00eau l\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t n\u0103m?<\/h3>\n
L\u00e3i k\u00e9p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh g\u1ed9p h\u00e0ng n\u0103m (m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i n\u0103m), h\u00e0ng qu\u00fd (4 l\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i n\u0103m), h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng (12 l\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i n\u0103m) ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y (365 l\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i n\u0103m). L\u00e3i c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh g\u1ed9p th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, s\u1ed1 d\u01b0 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng nhanh \u2014 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa t\u00ednh g\u1ed9p h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cao \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00ednh g\u1ed9p h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c tr\u00e1i phi\u1ebfu t\u00ednh g\u1ed9p n\u1eeda n\u0103m ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0ng n\u0103m.<\/p>\n
L\u00e3i k\u00e9p t\u1ed1t hay x\u1ea5u?<\/h3>\n
L\u00e3i k\u00e9p c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd theo c\u1ea3 hai chi\u1ec1u. N\u00f3 r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t khi b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m - n\u00f3 gi\u00fap t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00edch l\u0169y t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n th\u00eam n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c. N\u00f3 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i khi b\u1ea1n g\u00e1nh n\u1ee3, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 n\u1ee3 th\u1ebb t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cao, v\u00ec c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf l\u00e3i k\u00e9p t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 s\u1ebd nhanh ch\u00f3ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1n n\u1ee3. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc quan tr\u1ecdng: h\u00e3y ki\u1ebfm l\u00e3i k\u00e9p, ch\u1ee9 \u0111\u1eebng tr\u1ea3 l\u00e3i k\u00e9p.<\/p>\n
C\u1ea7n bao l\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ec1n t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i nh\u1edd l\u00e3i k\u00e9p?<\/h3>\n
H\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng quy t\u1eafc 72: chia 72 cho l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1eddi gian nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fang. V\u1edbi l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng n\u0103m 7%, ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i trong kho\u1ea3ng 10,3 n\u0103m. V\u1edbi 10%, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i trong 7,2 n\u0103m. V\u1edbi 4% (l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m cao \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh), n\u00f3 s\u1ebd nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i trong 18 n\u0103m. V\u1edbi 22% (l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t th\u1ebb t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng), kho\u1ea3n n\u1ee3 s\u1ebd nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 trong 3,3 n\u0103m.<\/p>\n
L\u00e3i k\u00e9p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n
L\u00e3i k\u00e9p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 \u2014 nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. Warren Buffett \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch l\u0169y ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh sau tu\u1ed5i 65, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3i k\u00e9p. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1edbm, duy tr\u00ec t\u1ef7 su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cao v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u n\u1ee3 l\u00e3i k\u00e9p l\u00e0 ba th\u00f3i quen c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i cho ph\u00e9p l\u00e3i k\u00e9p t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n n\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e3i k\u00e9p?<\/h3>\n
C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3i k\u00e9p bao g\u1ed3m: t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cao, t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7, ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi (CD), qu\u1ef9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ed7 v\u00e0 ETF, t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n h\u01b0u tr\u00ed 401(k) v\u00e0 IRA, v\u00e0 danh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ed5 t\u1ee9c. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n t\u00ednh l\u00e3i k\u00e9p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1ee3 bao g\u1ed3m: th\u1ebb t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng, kho\u1ea3n vay c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n vay sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kho\u1ea3n th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p trong th\u1eddi gian tr\u1ea3 ch\u1eadm.<\/p>\n
T\u00f3m t\u1eaft: 5 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb v\u1ec1 l\u00e3i k\u00e9p<\/h2>\n\n- L\u00e3i k\u00e9p l\u00e0 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t \u2013 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng theo c\u1ea5p s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh.<\/li>\n
- C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 A = P(1 + r\/n)^(nt). P l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n g\u1ed1c, r l\u00e0 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t, n l\u00e0 t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t gh\u00e9p l\u00e3i, t l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian.<\/li>\n
- Th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u2014 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1edbm h\u01a1n 10 n\u0103m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i s\u1ed1 d\u01b0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/li>\n
- Vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh l\u00e3i k\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean h\u01a1n (h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y > h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng > h\u00e0ng n\u0103m) t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ee9c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng cao h\u01a1n, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
- L\u00e3i k\u00e9p l\u1ea1i g\u00e2y b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i cho b\u1ea1n khi tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 \u2014 h\u00e3y \u01b0u ti\u00ean tr\u1ea3 h\u1ebft c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n n\u1ee3 c\u00f3 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cao tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e3i k\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n